Grade 12 SCIENCE
SNC4M
Pathogens and Disease
By: Shannon Milsom
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course students will:
C1. evaluate the impact of scientific and technological knowledge and individual behaviour on
the control of pathogens and the prevention of disease;
C2. investigate the nature and growth of pathogens and the effectiveness of measures intended to
prevent their spread;
C3. demonstrate an understanding of pathogens, the diseases they cause, and ways of controlling
their spread.
Learning Goals
Students will be able to:
- Identify different types of pathogens, types of diseases and ways to control and prevent disease.
- Simulate the spread of an infection throughout a population.
Introduction
We come in contact with pathogens every day of our lives. Most of the time our body’s immune system destroys them before they can cause harm (ABPI, 2016). Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease (ABPI, 2016). There are six main types of disease causing pathogens: prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and helminth (ABPI, 2016). These pathogens can cause a number of diseases through many ways of transmission, for example direct contact or sexual contact. This webpage below will cover tons of information to do with the topic of pathogens and disease in the course SNC4M. It includes many resources and activities that teachers can do with their students to cover the content in the curriculum on this topic.
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Inquiry and Hands On Activities
Design an inquiry based activity that could be used to support inductive experiences. Summarize the activity, include curriculum expectations it will address and create a student handout.
Consider hands-on activities that would support the teaching and learning of your selected topic. Include materials required for the activities, instructions, student handouts where necessary, extension questions and assessment.
The link to the right is a really good lab to do with students to promote inquiry and investigation within the curriculum expectations. It focuses on the transmission of disease and how people get infected.
The link to the right is a good resource tool to use when planning activities and labs. It has good resources and ideas to do with students in the classroom that promote inquiry.
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Technology
Surf the web and identify a technology that can enhance programming for your topic. Summarize the technology and indicate how it may be used in the classroom
Technology can be used to enhance student learning in the classroom. Web Adventures is an interactive website that students or teachers can access and play storyline games to further their learning about a selected topic. This Web Adventures Website can be used in the classroom to assist students in learning material about pathogens and infectious disease. In Med Myst in particular, students pick a mission and play through it to help solve a problem (disease outbreak etc.) while learning about different pathogens, diseases and treatments. It is a useful interactive website that would be benifical for students to use in any high school grade.
Click the link below for a direct link to the website or scroll down to see the website on this page.
Assessment
Design a summative task for your selected seminar topic.
To the left is a summative task assignment teachers can assign to their students. It is based off of the RAFT technique and incorporates differentiated instruction where students can choose the format and topic of their assignment. Each topic is embedded in the curriculum so students will be researching part of a curriculum expectation for their assignment.
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Kahoot can be used in the classroom to create quizzes for students on content learned in class. It is a great way for students to have fun while the teacher can see if they are learning and understanding the material or not. Below is an example of questions you can ask students about pathogens and disease information based on curriculum expectations using Kahoot.
STSE Application
STSE (Science, technology, society and the environment) is an outlook on science education that explores socioscientific issues and equips students to understand socio-scientific subject matter and to make informed and responsible decisions (Pedretti, 2003). It helps raise awareness of current issues. These issues carry potential for capturing the dynamic interplay of science, technology, society and the environment (Pedretti, 2003). There are many socioscientific issues. There are many pros to including STSE application in the classroom which include developing critical thinking skills, engagement, decision making, moral and ethical reasoning and enhance student learning along with many others (Pedretti, 2003).
ASSIGNMENT:
Within the curriculum, teachers need to talk about ways to protect oneself from diseases. Vaccinations have been very controversial as a protection from disease. Teachers could assign students different sides to take on the issue of vaccinations (either being on the pro vaccinations or cons of vaccination side) based on their agreement or disagreement with this topic or the teachers choosing. The students should be provided several days to research and come up with points grounded in research to support their side of the issue. Then on a date of the teachers choosing can have a debate in class to hear everyone’s arguments on the topic. The debate should go back and forth between both sides. This will give insight to both sides of the issue and help students make their own informed decisions. A debate can also be done on topics such as: endemic disease or poverty as well.
References
Pedretti, E. (2003). Teaching science, technology, society and environment (STSE) education.
In The role of moral reasoning on socioscientific issues and discourse in science education (pp. 219-239). Springer Netherlands.
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Suggested Resources
http://www.sciencecompany.com/Bacteria-Growing-Experiments-in-Petri-Plates.aspx
This is a website that includes a Petri Dish Bacteria and Antimicrobial Agents lab to do with students in order to cover C2.2 analyse, on the basis of inquiry, the effects of various treatments on pathogenesis (e.g., the effect of mouthwash or penicillin on the growth of bacteria) [PR, AI]
http://abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_pathogens/index.cfm
This is a good resource website that includes information on pathogens, types, how pathogens are spread and how they cause disease. It also gives an interactive quiz for students to complete to test their knowledge. Below is a clip from one page that interactively shows how the body helps protect itself from pathogens.
This is a good resource for a game to do with students in class. It is a card game designed to introduce and reinforce human body immune system concepts for high school students. Students will play a collectable card game in which the cards represent the different “players” in the “immunity” game of life (various pathogens, the skin, interferons, vaccines, antibiotics, antibodies). The game acts as a fun activity to engage students in place of a lecture.
https://www.ontariosciencecentre.ca/school/curriculum/senior/#p130
The Ontario Science Centre is a great place to take the students in any grade on a field trip. They have programs for every grade, including grade 12 science. The link above lists all the programs the Science Centre offers for schools. For grade 12 the programs they have are Environmental Water Testing and Bacterial Transformation. Not only does it offer programs but there are many exibits inside that will engage students in a fun learning environment.
This is an example of a powerpoint that addresses currciulum expecations to use in the classroom as one of your lessons.
References
ABPI. (2016). Infectious Diseases - Pathogens. Retrieved from http://abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_pathogens/index.cfm
Ontario Science Centre. (2015). Programs for Grades 9 to 12. Retrieved from https://www.ontariosciencecentre.ca/school/curriculum/senior/
Pedretti, E. (2003). Teaching science, technology, society and environment (STSE) education. In The role of moral reasoning on socioscientific issues and discourse in science education (pp. 219-239). Springer Netherlands.
Pena. (2016). Spread of a Disease Labratory Activity. Retrieved by http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/spread-disease-laboratory-activity/
RICE University. (2016). Web Adventures. Retrieved from http://webadventures.rice.edu/
Science Company. (2016). Bacteria Growing Experiments in Petri Plates. Retrieved from http://www.sciencecompany.com/Bacteria-Growing-Experiments-in-Petri-Plates.aspx